Thinking about picture book forms

This week I have been so privileged to read the Master's Thesis of a friend entitled "Shapes and forms: Some recent uses of techniques in picture books". This thesis was written in 1990 but it is thrilling to see how many of her selected titles have really stood the test of time and I hope that nearly all of them are still available in your school library.  The thesis explores twenty forms - I won't list all of her choices here, but I have added a couple more of my own so I have a total of fourteen forms you could explore. The more I dip into this topic the more possibilities I have found such as stamping or using stamps (Jarrett and Jarome Pumphrey); dual functioning books (such as The Ribbon Le Ruban a book I long to own); clay sculpture illustrations such as Barbara Reid; photographic illustrations; narrative and illustrated nonfiction; and diorama constructions - try to find books illustrated by Soyeon Kim to see this form.

Here is a video of this book (in French)

I have listed the thesis picture book example first and then examples of my own. This thesis was originally given the title 'innovations in the picture book' but many of the forms/shapes listed are actually very old for example the popup book and the leporello. The book at the top of this post is a leporello! I do love that word (and form). So the thesis author changed her heading to Shapes and Forms.

I also need to think about where to place one of my most shared and most treasured but very obscure books:

1 is for One

1. Wordless

Up and Up by Shirley Hughes

Check out my Pinterest of Wordless Books (IBBY call them Silent books)

I have tons of favourites but I first thought of one special favourite, because it was the first wordless book I ever read, Sunshine by Jan Omerod. Thinking about more recent ones I would list Stormy by GuoJing and The Midnight Fair by Gideon Sterer illustrated by Mariachiara Di Giorgio. If you haven't discovered Peter Collington try to find his books in a library. My own favourite is The Tooth Fairy.

2. Paper engineering (pop up and die-cut or laser cut)

Haunted House Jan Pienkowski

The die cutting process is a way to create unique shapes in material. It’s often used artistically on covers to cut windows into a book or on interior pages to create flaps, pop-up structures or interesting shapes.

The master of the popup is Robert Sabuda. His paper engineering will amaze you. An older book I marvel over with amazing die cut pages is The Story of Snowflake and Raindrop. This book also fits into the category of a flip over book. More recent examples of die cut pages are found in books by Britta Teckentrup for example her book A Happy Place. You might also look for books by Aaron Becker and Su Blackwell. I recently spied this edition based on Mary Poppins with die cut or laser cut illustrations.

Read more about Hélène Druvert here.

3. Lift the flap

Where's Spot? by Eric Hill

I stumbled on Mouse's Wood by Alice Melvin a couple of years ago and now I see there are sequels. I also love the bird books by Bridget Farmer which have the sturdiest flaps and incredible art. Searching for Treasure by Johanna Bell illustrated by Emma Long made me gasp and you do need to add Who Lives here by Julia Donaldson illustrated by Rebecca Cobb to your collection. All of these books show that flaps are not just for our tiny reading companions but of course every little child does need to see and touch lots of books about Spot.

4. Flip over book (reversable)

Round Trip by Ann Jonas

I cannot cite many examples of these but I do love them. I always think of an old book - And then it Rained by Crescent Dragonwagon. Another example could be Mirror by Jeannie Baker. You don't flip this one over but readers see the action side by side in two different locations simultaneously.  An Australian example is Room on our Rock by Kate and Jol Temple. 

5. Stitching (using textiles)

The Shoemaker and the Elves stitching by C & W Birrer

I find books with illustrations made from embroidery or stitching or fabric patchwork very appealing. One UK illustrator to look for is Rachel Griffin. You could also look for The Whispering Cloth: a refugee's story by Pegi Deitz Shea and illustrated by Anita Riggio. I love the work by US textile artist Salley Mavor. I would love to own her book called My Bed. 

6. Letters in envelopes

The Jolly Postman by Allan Ahlberg (and sequels)

I have so many book forms that I adore but I think the value-added of real letters inside envelopes is one I find the most delightful. AND I thank publishers who are willing to invest money into the production of these. Santa Post by Emma Yarlett; Maisy's Christmas Letters by Lucy Cousins; Letters from Felix: A Little Rabbit on a World Tour by Annette Langen; Meerkat Mail Emily Gravett; and of course The Jolly Christmas postman by Allan Ahlberg.

7. Collage

Where the forest meets the sea by Jeannie Baker

This is an enormous topic. My friend has a terrific Pinterest on this topic and I have one too of illustrators who use collage. Apart from our wonderful Australian illustrator Jeannie Baker,I love the work of Eric Carle; Ed Young; Robin Page; David Wisniewski and Susan L Roth. You may already have a new Australian picture book called Hope is the Thing. And there are so many other names such as Rachel Isadora; Melissa Sweet; Leo Lionni; Ezra Jack Keats; Lois Ehlert; Ellen Stoll Walsh. Another favourite Australian illustrator of mine is Patricia Mullins. I was also delighted to discover this book made with illustrations made from pebbles:

Stepping Stones

8. Reality (illustrations) versus fantasy (text) or illustrations show a fantasy which contrasts with reality.

Drac and the Gremlin by Allan Baillie illustrated by Jane Tanner

Another older example is Kirsty Knows Best illustrated by Anthony Browne. I also thought of Magic Beach by Alison Lester; A House for Wombats by Jane Burrell; Suri's wall by Lucy Estela illustrated by Matt Ottley and When You're Older by Sofie Laguna illustrated by Judy Watson. I recently discovered this old book: Two Little Trains by Margaret Wise Brown illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon. There are sure to be lots more for this category. 

9. Page turner (anticipation and a guessing game)

I went walking by Sue Machin illustrated by Julie Vivas

Eyes in the Dark by Kim Dale; An animal guessing game by Steve Jenkins and Robin Page; Who's Next? Guess Who! by Anton Poitier illustrated by Sophia Touliatou; Animalphabet by Julia Donaldson illustrated by Sharon King-Chai; and for older readers a title from many years ago - Guess What? by Mem Fox illustrated by Vivienne Goodman. I also need to mention What's Inside: The alphabet book by Satoshi Kitamura and Brown Bear Brown bear by Bill Martin Jr illustrated by Eric Carle.

10. Participatory story 

We're going on a bear hunt by Michael Rosen illustrated by Helen Oxenbury

Participation was always the focus of my early weeks with a new Kindergarten group. We read lots of books with a repeated refrain including We're going on a bear hunt; My Brown Bear Barney by Dorothy Butler illustrated by Elizabeth Fuller; There's a Hippopotamus on our Roof eating cake by Hazel Edwards illustrated by Deborah Niland; Caps for Sale by Esphyr Slobodkina; Peace at last by Jill Murphy; Owl Babies by Martin Waddell illustrated by Patrick Benson; and The Elephant and the bad baby by Elfrida Vipont illustrated by Raymond Briggs.

11. Leporello

I added this one to the list but I know the author of the thesis enjoys discovering these. You could add tunnel book to this category too. There is one of these inside The Jolly Christmas Postman by Allan Ahlberg. I also have a book based on Can't you sleep little bear by Martin Waddell which you fold out and join into a circle or a carousel. 

Books that have accordion-style, or zig-zagged, pages are called leporellos (or concertinas). These books can be experienced in a few ways: readers can keep the book folded and turn the "pages," flipping the book at the end to experience the other side of the book; or they can completely unfold and expand the book to create one giant, linear narrative. Some leporellos are printed on the front and back, while others are one-sided. Let's Talk about Picture books (you can see examples)

Pages of Look by Gavin Bishop Gecko Press

12. Breaking the fourth wall and the off-stage narrator

This one is also my headings and I talk about this with lots of examples here. Look for Hide me, Kipper! by Mick Inkpen; Let’s Play! by Hervé Tullet; A Squiggly Line by Robert Vescio illustrated by Kathy Creamer; Fish and Crab by Marianna Coppo; Bear Hunt by Anthony Browne; The Dictionary Story by Oliver Jeffers and Sam Winston; Press Here Herve Tullet; and Escargot by Dashka Slater illustrated by Sydney Hanson. Another very curious example is Zoom by Istvan Banyai.

13. A catalogue book

Imagine by Alison Lester

I love this term catalogue book as used by the writer of this thesis. It is a perfect label for so many picture books that have no narrative but are filled with things to talk about. The big question by Leen van den Berg and illustrated by Kaatje Vermeire; Things to Look Forward to by Sophie Blackall; What to say when you don't know what to say by Davina Bell illustrated by Hilary Jean Tapper (and sequels); The Important Book by Margaret Wise Brown; Pablo Neruda Book of Questions illustrated by Paloma Valdivia translated by Sara Lissa Paulson; If I had a little dream by Nina Laden illustrated by Melissa Castrillon; and the most obvious example The Baby's Catalogue by Allan Ahlberg.

I need to mention two more titles for this catalogue book category:

Who is the world for?

Do you wonder?

14. Poetry with pictures

Read more here. 

A Life Song

Here is a quote from the final sentence of the thesis which inspired this post (I hope you have found it interesting and useful).

The book features explored in this thesis "support the proposition that the contemporary picture book is a subtle and skillful artform. Artists, authors, publishers and most importantly readers are increasingly aware of this fact. There can be no turning back."

This Love by Isabel Otter illustrated by Harriet Lynas

A celebration of harmony around the world

"It doesn't matter who we are,

join hands and stand up tall.

Love is a special language 

that's understood by all."

I picked this book up at a recent Lifeline Book Fair - well actually my friend spied it among the hundreds of books on offer. I have collected a bunch of books for a country preschool. This die cut book is sure to appeal to the young listeners and the staff and could be used for Harmony Day perhaps. It was published in 2019 by The Caterpillar Group who are part of the publisher Little Tiger (they consistently do great books). 

There is no actual narrative in this book - it is a series of scenes showing all the things these children love to do with their friends and with their parents. There are more details in this Kirkus review.

Publisher blurb: Celebrate love from all around the world! A series of gentle rhymes sensitively explores what love feels like to children. This timeless book shows that love is a common language with the power to unite, wherever you come from.

If you are looking for other Harmony Day books Harriet Lynas has a series that looks worth investigating. UK author Isabel Otter has written lots of board books but here are a few of her other titles available as paperbacks or in hardback:

Together

I am a Fish

A Happy Place by Britta Teckentrup

"A little star shines brightly through the bedroom window. It shines down on a sleepless mind, spinning with restless thoughts. Follow me, whispers the star, 
and I will help you to find a happy place."

This book begs to be read aloud with words like tippy-toed squirrel, bushy-tailed fox, long-eared hare and starry-eyed stoats. Perfect for a preschool group or a young reading companion aged 4+.

In a few months I will be talking to a small group of local Teacher-Librarians. One of the things I want to share is the importance of sharing the BEST picture books from around the world both for their stories but even more for the way picture books give children of all ages (from youngest up to young adult) an experience of some of the best art in the world.

Nighttime is one of Teckentrup’s specialties, and this gently soothing tale is no exception; it’s sure to have little ones on their way to the sweetest of dreams in no time. Dreamlike, quiet, delightful. Kirkus

A Happy Place is another triumph by Britta Teckentrup and her artwork provides a perfect backdrop to the text. It is calm and comforting, full of nature and little details that can be pored over and explored. Just Imagine

Hopefully you have one or two books in your school library illustrated by Britta Teckentrup. Her art is simply incredible. A Happy Place has flaps and die-cut pages so I was amazed to discover it is not too expensive in paperback [9781838916596]. Pop the name Britta Teckentrup into my side bar or click the label on this post to see more of her books.

I Spy with my little eye by Edward Gibbs

I spied (pardon the pun) this book at a charity book sale this week. The text is very familiar but I was struck by the wonderful illustrations which are similar in style to Catherine Rayner or even Brian Wildsmith. 

My two books were inspired by playing the game I Spy as a child, and then with my own three children on car journeys when they were growing up. The idea of eyes and holes came to me while in bed in the middle of the night. I got up and did a little sketch on a folded piece of paper, and tore a little hole . . . it worked! ... The idea with the first I Spy was to go from the biggest animal in the world (the blue whale) to the smallest (it was going to be a fly) but that was a bit scary so we settled on the frog — who could have swallowed the fly! Candlewick

My copy of I Spy with my little eye is a large format picture book (reprinted here in Australia by Koala Books) but this is a title that could easily translate into a board book. The farm title is available as a board book. There are lots of book (thousands in fact) that explore animals and colour concepts so I think it is important to hunt out the best ones with fabulous art. I do hope you can find some of these books in your local library. 

Edward Gibbs is a UK illustrator and he also designs greeting cards. I Spy with my little eye is one book in a series. It was first published in 2011.

A New House for Mouse by Petr Horácek

Little Mouse has a problem. She lives in a tiny hole. She sees a delicious apple on her doorstep but it is way too big to bring into her little home. 

"My house is too small ... perhaps I should look for a bigger one.' So off she set."

As she moves through the forest Little Mouse sees lots of new homes but alas all of them are occupied. 

"Looking for a new house makes you hungry,' said Little Mouse as she took a few bites of the juicy apple."

Have you worked this out?  Your preschool reader might too.  Yes, that apple is going to get smaller and smaller. Mole says no, Rabbit says no, Badger says no, and bear - well bear seems a bit too scary. Then Mouse arrives at the perfect little hole. 

"There was no one at home. Little Mouse went right in and pulled her apple behind her. It fitted perfectly ... and she climbed into her own bed and feel fast asleep."

Now for the sad news. This book was published in 2006 and so it is now out of print. The illustrations are scrumptious - I do hope you can find a copy in a library. This book is perfect to share with a group of preschool children and it would make a fabulous board book . I wonder if the publisher ever considered doing this. It has peep through holes and a very satisfying story reminiscent of books by Pat Hutchins such as Shrinking Mouse.

I haven't seen these mouse books by Petr Horácek, but I imagine they also explore different concepts and follow the adventures of this same little mouse character. 

Petr’s books have received international accolades and recognition, including Best Picture Book of the Year in Holland for A New House for Mouse. Petr Horacek is a Czech born illustrator who studied for six years at the Academy of Fine Art in Prague before become a graphic designer, painter and author-illustrator. Now living in England, he made his publishing debut with “Strawberries Are Red” and “What is Black and White?”  Puffin Peter was short-listed for the 2012 Kate Greenaway Medal.

Here are some other books illustrated by Petr Horacek. 

Meet the illustrator Lucy Cousins

When I was browsing the library I visit each week I spied this book by Lucy Cousins - Peck Peck Peck. A terrific book for a preschool child. I knew Lucy Cousins wrote the Maisy books but I was unaware of her other titles so I decided to investigate.

Awards

• Ragazzi prize, 1997, for Maisy's House
• National Art Illustration Award high commendation, 1997, for Za Za's Baby Brother
• Nestlé Smarties Book Prize, 2002, for Jazzy in the Jungle

In 2016 Lucy Cousins visited Australia and the blog Kids' Book Review asked her some interview questions. And here is an interview with Better Reading magazine which contains more in vdepth questions and answers. 

From the sunny, see-through cover to the final bedtime snuggle, this day in the life of an overachiever (naughty by human standards) is sure to generate chortles and great interest. Kirkus

About Maisy: "I draw by heart," says Maisy creator Lucy Cousins. "I think of what children would like by going back to my own child-like instincts." And what instincts! With more than 28 million copies sold around the world, Lucy Cousins's Maisy books have been consistently on target when it comes to engaging children. One of the most beloved characters in preschool households today, the good-natured Maisy stars in storybooks, sticker books, a sturdy clock book, mini board books, big flap books, and three-dimensional playsets. Maisy also has her own popular TV show. Her everyday exploits-- familiar to preschoolers everywhere-- gently usher little ones into an exploration of early learning concepts such as colors, numbers, and social themes. Maisy's Fun Club

There are more than one hundred Maisy books!

Due for publication in September 2023

Maisy was honoured with a stamp in 2006. Children’s storybook fans will be delighted that cherished characters from children’s literature are featured on the “Favorite Children’s Book Animals” commemorative stamp pane. The 16-stamp pane, bearing eight children’s storybook characters on 39-cent First-Class stamps, was issued January 10, 2006. The stamps also depict Curious George (“Curious George Flies A Kite” by Margret and H.A. Rey, 1958); Fox in Socks (“Fox in Socks” by Dr. Seuss, 1965); Frederick (“Frederick” by Leo Lionni, 1967); Olivia (“Olivia” by Ian Falconer, 2000); Wilbur (“Charlotte’s Web” written by E.B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams, 1952) and Wild Thing (“Where the Wild Things Are” by Maurice Sendak, 1963)

Here are some other books by Lucy Cousins. I am very keen to see the Christmas one which contains real letters!

In a considerable change of pace, Cousins steps away from Maisy’s toddler-friendly world for short but briskly savage versions of several classic tales. Kirkus Star review

Here is a review by Betsy Bird for the School Library Journal - I do need to read this book!

As ever, the thick, black lines and eye-catching colors of the pages will catch the interest of everyone from toddlers up to savvy kindergartners. Kirkus Maisy goes to the Bookstore